Current problems of social policy – theory and practice
Current problems of social policy – theory and practice is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. The journal is focused on social policy, social work and social services in the public administration. The journal accepts and publishes original scientific papers in Czech, Slovak and English. The journal’s content is available in its entirety to general public. The journal is indexed in EBSCO Publishing (http://www.ebscohost.com/), ProQuest (http://www.proquest.co.uk/) and Directory of Open Access Journals (http://www.doaj.org/). Full-texts of the journal of published articles are available on-line on the web pages of the journal.
Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Studenti Univerzity Pardubice z pohledu interdisciplinárního poradenského týmu Akademické poradny APUPA a Referátu služeb hendikepovaným RSH
The paper responds to the current situation of building a university counselling service center for students with special needs. It reflects the perspective of an interdisciplinary advisory team APUPA and Department of services to handicapped students at the University of Pardubice. The paper is based on the analysis of data collected by APUPA and Department of services to handicapped at the University of Pardubice. The aim of this paper is: 1) To analyse the system of advice, support and assistance to students with special needs, which is implemented at the University of Pardubice? 2) Suggest a diagram of internal support system for students with special needs including individual advice and special support. 3) To justify the real psychosocial, educational, economic or technical needs of students. An important factor is the individuality of the students with special needs. The results suggest that psychosocial, educational, economic or technical needs of student with special needs are evident. This article also shows that the number of records of the use of specific services provided at the university is significantly increasing. Inclusion the students with special needs to Master’s Studies lead to equalization of educational opportunities. The number of students (and applicants) with special needs is, inter alia, an indicator of the quality of high school. These trends are implemented also at the University of Pardubice.The need to participate in the removal of technical, social, information and human barriers in an academic environment is the common goal of interdisciplinary advisory team UPa workers.
Pátrání po "kritické sociální práci" v České republice
'Critical social work' is not theoretically embedded in the Czech context enough and is not explored its practical implementation. The text represents an initial phase of an extensive research that aims to identify specific forms of 'critical social work' in the Czech Republic. This is the explanatory case study of the functioning of the 'critical social work' in the Czech Republic today, but that has been made through the study of more cases. The text presents a snapshot of the first phase of the research, which involves identifying potential organizations or events through analysis of documents technique on the Internet by pre-declared criteria of 'critical social work'. So far the research only presents the activity of selected organizations that formally fulfilled the established criteria of choice, but has not yet verified its validity through interviews. The main aim of the text is to define 'critical social work' and put examples of organizations or events in the Czech Republic of their activities to show signs of 'critical social work' and briefly describe their activities. The text has been defined "critical social work ', criteria have been set out by which it is possible to identify the organizations and events that bear the marks of 'critical social work' and two examples of organizations were given (Konexe, Ježek a čížek) and one example of such an event (BED IN). I have also tried to assign these examples to a specific perspective of 'critical social work'. The analysis documents shows that what is known as 'critical social work' abroad, takes place rather under the heading of 'social activism' in the Czech Republic.
Dlouhodobá nezaměstnanost: Analýza metod a technik pro práci s dlouhodobě nezaměstnanými
The article presented analysis, which was prepared by the project Thematic Network - Career guidance for long-term unemployed, the output of which is a tool-box methods and techniques for working with long-term unemployed. The analysis is the result of both quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative method of the survey data was gathered from professional consultants of partner organizations. Acquired data was reused in a qualitative interview methods based on phenomenological investigation. It was therefore an even more detailed analysis of selected methods, where all representatives of partner organizations together in a moderated group discussion, based on experience with the use of selected methods, choose those most appropriate. The last part of the analysis was focused on the long-term unemployed. Through qualitative methods moderated group discussions, within session at the "round table", the various methods and techniques discussed with the pre-selected group of unemployed in the long term, who already had with various methods / techniques of previous experience. In an analysis of 65 elements was evaluated know-how based on pre-defined criteria: contribution to the long-term unemployed, efficiency, success and portability in a foreign environment. The result of the analysis was processing tool-box of 35 methods and techniques for working with long-term unemployed users. The common goal of the project is to find and analyze the best tools from various countries in the field career counseling for the long-term unemployed. Furthermore, these tools (methods and techniques) to share and disseminate to enhance the quality career counseling for long-term unemployed in the Czech Republic but also in other countries of the European Union.
Uplatňovanie nemeckej minimálnej mzdy v dopravných podnikoch
On 1 January 2015, Germany joined twenty one Member States of the European Union, which have statutory national minimum wage. The minimum wage is 8.50 EUR per hour. The Minimum Wage Act applies to all employees and across all industry sectors. The minimum wage requirement also applies to Germany-based employees of companies whose domicile is outside of the country. The Minimum Wage Act applies to employees working in Germany, even if the employment relationship is not subject to German law. Thus, the legislation is relevant to Slovak companies that send their employees to Germany. By implementing the German minimum wage regulations, new expenses arise for employers, such as administrative, reporting, archival, as well as those related to the translation of documents into German. Moreover, co-responsibility for the payment of the minimum wage of freight forwarders and hauliers is worth noting. The paper addresses the issue of practical implementation of the new German minimum wage regulations in transport undertakings. Methods of observation and description of problems related to the remuneration of employees as well as the implementation of the German minimum wage regulations are employed. Additional general methods used to achieve the purpose of the paper are analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. Interview and questionnaire were used in the research. Both online and printed versions of the questionnaire were available. 76 respondents participated in the study, out of which 70 were employees and 6 employers. An example situation is used to demonstrate increasing costs in relation to the introduction of minimum wage in the form of higher labour costs. The main contribution of the paper is to explain the current wage policies in the Slovak transport undertakings in relation to the German Minimum Wage Amendment Act affective as of 1 January 2015. In addition, the authors attempt to identify problems as seen by employers as well as their solutions being in use.
Sociálna opora ako významný sociálny determinant zdravia u slovenských imigrantov v Českej republike
The article deals with one of the important determinants of health - social support - and its relation to the subjective health perception and basic socio-demographic characteristics. The importance of social support is increasing especially among those groups of people who need to adapt to new living conditions. Immigrants clearly belong to these groups. Attention will be paid to Slovak immigrants living in the Czech Republic. Slovak minority is the second largest group of foreigners living in the Czech Republic. At the same time, this immigrant group has special status because of common history of Slovaks and Czechs. Data collection was conducted by using quantitative research methods, questionnaire in mother tongue of respondents. The sample consisted of 191 respondents living in seven selected regions of the Czech Republic. The obtained data were statistically analysed in SPSS. There was correlation between the number of people (Slovaks and Czechs living in the Czech Republic) to whom the respondents contacted, if needed financial and other than financial assistance and duration of stay. Duration of stay also correlates with feeling among the Czechs, plenty of friends. A statistically significant relationship was demonstrated between the subjective perceptions of health status and the importance of contacts and friend sufficient. The variables gender, age and education were found statistical significance with the importance of contacts. Based on our findings, we can conclude that the variable duration of stay is a significant factor affecting the social support of Slovak immigrants in the Czech Republic.
Možnosti participace mladých lidí na řešení problémů na lokální úrovni
Purpose of this paper is to present the possibilities of participation of young people at the local level. Paper comes from the low participation rate of people in the Czech society. It deals with a specific group of young people in city Bilina. The group was created in the context of cross-border project, similar group works in city Chemnitz in Saxony. Both groups of young people try to respond to problems in their city. These are problems which were identified by the group members. To solve the problems they use of actions implemented especially in public space. Their goal is to attract large numbers of people to collaborate. Methods of investigation were unstructured interview with young people – members of the group “We are not in need” and participating observation during events. Scientific aim is to identify factors that impede and facilitate the participation of young people at local level. Findings are the opportunities for participation of young people in local level. The group has identified several problem areas in the city. From all problem areas selected young people those which assumed achieve visible results in real time. The group realized music festivals, theatrical performances for seniors, action “cleaning of the city” and the various activities for younger children. With regard the possibilities of participation young people positively evaluates support from outside, the opportunity to meet with a similar group from Germany and composition of the group. Negatively evaluates they conduct of the part of Bilina city public to their group and limited options for traveling to Germany. Conclusion use models of community work for characterize of functioning the group of young people. Paper brings also several topics for further research.
Specifické faktory ovlivňující sociální exkluzi seniorů žijících v domácím prostředí
The article reports on current issues of social exclusion of older people and indicates the specific factors that influence the social exclusion of older people living at home. Social exclusion of some groups are more at risk than others. As the world's population is aging and the elderly are a large group that is affected by this problem. This study presents the basic concepts related to social exclusion in the context of the elderly and points to the selected dimensions of social exclusion in the Czech Republic. These are primarily medical, psychological and social factors, which in practice intertwined and dependent. They affect not only the creation, but also the degree of social exclusion. The research was carried out with the help of quantitative research strategy and focused on the identification of risk factors in the lives of seniors living at home. Social exclusion as a specific determinant of health, was one of the items under consideration. The main objective was to assess the relationship between selected characteristics of social exclusion and health. A field survey was conducted standardized technique guided interview. The research results point to the fact that the increasing dependence on the assistance of another person and reduction of self-sufficiency, will limit the autonomy of the elderly and to reduce the subjective perception of health. Respondents who felt ageism, demonstrable value worse subjective health perception. Some older people are at risk of social exclusion more than their peers. This fact is involved in many internal and external factors. These factors are mutually interrelated and cumulative. Social exclusion in the context of senior issues closely linked to meeting the needs of seniors. Seniors need in life to meet all your needs as well as anyone else, and are often dependent on the assistance of his surroundings. The need for care is not primarily associated with age, but is associated with a decrease in functional ability and self-sufficiency that restrict people in their ability to meet their daily needs.
Sociálna otázka – filozofické, politické a právne reflexie
The paper on "Social Issue - philosophical, political and legal reflection“ we present the theoretical basis of social policy and its impact in solving social issues. We are focusing on the issue of interdependence of the social policy and law and on the application dimension of law. We identify the highlighted issue from the position of the historical and logical methods, in which we analyze the causes of birth (of the social issues) in the past, and their „positive heritage“ inspiring current social scientific activities dealing with the social issues. Application of historical and logical method creates a space for comparative approach in which is logically justifies the priority or weaknesses in solving the social issues in the past and today. The aim of the highlighted issues is to point out the productive approach to its reflection, which consists in an organic bridging of the philosophical, political and legal knowledge gained by the analyzing of a limited range of social issues determined by us. Important is the recognition of the need for a functional bridge for the theoretical reflections (Philosophy and Policy) with legal practical and application approaches. Point to the fact that the law may not always be consistent with the fundamental principles of social policy: social justice, solidarity, as well as the Charter of Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms. Highlighted (interdisciplinary) approach to the defining issue appears to us productive, in particular with regard to the complexity of the phenomenon of „Social Issue“. So-called partial approach from the point of view of philosophy, political and law, solves our issue only partially. Mentioned partiality is losing the isolation, as we have joined the partial knowledge into the organic unit qith the method of syntesis (and therefore „social issues“ are reflected in a unity of the philosophy, politics and law).
Bariéry při přechodu z rodičovské dovolené na trh práce v ostravském regionu pohledem nezaměstnaných rodičů s dětmi a pracovníků působících v oblasti aktivní politiky zaměstnanosti
The article brings a presentation and discussion of the results from qualitative research conducted by research team members in the frame of research project (SGS1/FSS/2014), which was funded by Student research Fund by University of Ostrava. The qualitative research covered 21 unemployed parents with children (under 10 years) and 15 workers working in the field of active employment policy. Semi-structured interviews with respondents were conducted in the period July-August 2014. Subsequently were analysed in Qualitative Data Analysis Software MAXQDA. Scientific aim of the research was to find out, with such barriers, contributing to long-term unemployment identify unemployed parents with children under 10 years in the transition from parental leave and which problems in reconciling work and family life identify workers working in the field of active employment policy in the Ostrava region. In the first part of article are introduced theoretical frameworks and issue of reconciliation of family and working life in specific phase of life cycle, which is return to the labour market after the end of parental leave. It is pointed out how the demands on the labour market undermine the stability of the family and its reproductive, educational and social care functions. Research has shown, that both groups of respondents identified barriers in low offers part-time jobs, jobs with flexible working hours, difficulties in working time arrangements by employers, problems with availability of kindergartens/nurseries. Parents considered the issue of legitimacy Labour Offices in job searching. The conclusion summarizes the problem formulation and concluding findings.
Nerovnosť v príjme a zdraví v krajinách EÚ
Inequalities are reflected in all areas of socio-economic life. They are visible for example in areas such as employment and working conditions, education, housing but also health. Health of the population is affected by several determinants, which include income. In this paper, we focus on income inequality and health and examine the relationship between income and health. The purpose of this paper is to take measure the eligibility provided that the company with inequitable income distribution has worse health outcomes. We use the methods of observation and description of socio-economic phenomena and processes using deduction to formulate some conclusions. We use statistical software IBM Statistics and we examine the relationship between defined variables - the Gini coefficient and life expectancy. Basic general research methods, that we use to fulfill the intention of article, are: comparison, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and other empirical methods. The aim of this paper is to consider the postulate that the European Union countries with higher income inequalities have poorer health outcomes. Among several experts there is no consensus on the relationship between income and health. Some state that income inequality makes a difference in health, others note that income inequality itself can not affect the health of inhabitants. We believe that there is the effect of income inequality on health, but not a decisive factor in health inequalities. On the other hand, health may affect the economic (income) inequality by means of the impact on the labor market and education. When examining the relationship between income and health, we do not forget other factors, including macro factors such as macro-economic development and micro factors such as the individual's behavior towards his health and his individual income. Whether or not there is a link between income inequality and health, it requires inequalities solution across a range of economic and social fields: from distribution through the tax and social protection systems to income and property policies, a stronger public services and the strengthening of equal opportunities.
Impulzy pre politiku vzdelávania smerom k znalostnej spoločnosti
Shaping the knowledge society has become a priority for all the educational policies in member countries of the European Union. Within it, it is a specific quality of life based on people's ability to create value intangible nature, which may take the form of ideas, inventions or solutions of socio-economic character. A knowledge worker becomes the core workforce of the company. This worker works in a team, cooperates with individual members as well as with the group, develops ideas and actively shares knowledge. The way he works considerably varies as well as tools he uses at work. Our purpose is to identify the future competency model for new qualified workforce, which could be applicable for the educational policy, concretely for innovation of the educational and job standards In this paper we apply the theoretical analysis aimed at identifying the knowledge worker specifying the set of professional competencies in frame of 4 partial models, which are: personal competence, individual competence, social competence and societal competence. Through primary analysis we obtained information about preferences of his abilities, needed for changes in the educational system. The aim of this paper is to identify the basic characteristics of the knowledge worker and propose the competency model focusing on the personal, individual, social, and societal competence with its verification and proposal for improving the education standard. The result or our paper present suggest of the competency model of the knowledge worker, which would allow his definition on macro and micro level as well as identification new impulses for the educational policy. Fulfilment of the objective relates to the demanding requirements for qualified workforce in the knowledge society, from which is expected to more specialized knowledge, skills and work habits that would facilitate and promote mobility on the national and international level.
RIEŠENIE DOMÁCEHO NÁSILIA PÁCHANÉHO NA ŽENÁCH: PREVENČNÉ STRATÉGIE ZO ZAHRANIČIA
Violence against women is now one of the most common human rights violations. Although in the past, this issue was hidden, currently it is recognized as widely acclaimed action and action against humanity. The purpose of the study is to focus on violence against women and to offer intervention and prevention strategies. In this article, we focus on the various options for addressing this serious problem. We describe the strategy used in the United States and other countries. We also describe the role of women's movements in highlighting the seriousness of domestic violence and to define the importance of gender equality. It is a theoretical study focusing on causes, forms and prevention strategies of violence against women. The aim of our study is to bring an effective prevention strategy, which can be used internationally. Offered prevention strategy has a big potential in elimination this problem. Study finds that there is a big need in intervention and prevention of violence against women by using existed strategies.
LIDSKOPRÁVNÍ PROFESE SOCIÁLNÍ PRÁCE JAKO VÝZNAMNÝ A INSPIRATIVNÍ AKTÉR SOCIÁLNÍ POLITIKY
The article introduces social work as a human rights-related profession. It goes from the imparted ethos of the profession based on relevant, most considerable, ethical codes of social workers and their current mission statement. It also refers to all mandates of the profession, its motivation and practical justification, to the quality of provided services, explanation of objectives and viewpoints related to social issues, to education and involvement in creating a more dignified and socially just society and world in connection to the stated objectives, principles, focus and vision of the field of social politics. The metodology will be based on combination of analytical, comparative and hermeneutical activities and related to the main methodology of social ethics, i.e. the "see-judge-act" procedure. The aim of the article is to reflect the intersections of interests and different insights of the main human rights-related tools, their usage and consequences of the different approaches. From the ethical, as well as the inherent human rights-related point of view, the article offered the measures and criteria of morality regarding the scope and efforts of both abovementioned disciplines and in context of pluralistic society. The affinity of interests in social work and social politics was proven, as well as the necessity to respect their specifics. The article documents and recommends social work – a human rights-related profession – as an important and inspirational actor for the field of social politics and its formation, as well as for a more humane formation of the life of individuals, society and the world as a whole. It also supports multidisciplinary cooperation for an interdisciplinary effect.
POHLED ČESKÉ VEŘEJNOSTI NA PALIATIVNÍ PÉČI
The topic of palliative care is not yet in the Czech Republic sufficiently discussed. The research try to attempt to identify current levels of awareness of palliative care within the Czech population. The research was carried out through a postal survey. 2 000 individuals in Czech were identified at random from the phone book. To ensure geographical representation stratified random sampling was used. In total, 785 responses were received. The research aimed to identify what are the current levels of knowledge of palliative care and what factors contribute to this knowledge. It also asked a number of additional questions relating to who respondents think should receive paliative care, what they think palliative care should consist of, when they would want information on palliative care and whether respondents feel that in the Czech society there is sufficient discussion of issues surrounding death and dying. Overall the majority of respondents reported some knowledge of palliative care, with under a third reporting no knowledge. Only a very small number of respondents reported a high level of knowledge of palliative care. The vast majority of respondents feel that palliative care should be offered to all those who have terminal illnesses. The majority of respondents cited pain relief as important in end of life care with many stating this as their first, most important service. The second most common service requested for end of life care was family support, including respite services, support services and someone for family to talk to. Respect or dignity were also commonly cited. More than half of respondents stating that we do not discuss death and dying enough. Although not a representative study, the survey findings confirm many of existing views and policies within palliative care and point to possible directions and challenges for future development.
PODMÍNKY ŽIVOTA SENIORŮ V REZIDENČNÍ PÉČI
Residential care for seniors belongs to current trends in now days debate on the quality of life for retirement people. Common problem to all EU Member States is the problem of aging population. European governments are currently addressed to the issue of the quality of life of seniors. Particularly provision of contingencies for outreach, non-resident and residential services – its setting, structure, financing and quality. The target group are seniors, men and women, who live in and use services of facilities residential care. A questionnaire survey was conducted in nine homes for the elderly in the South Moravian Region and 23 questions were included. The 252 respondents participated with the questionnaires. This paper aim is to evaluate the research which was carried out in residential care facilities for elderly. The research question was mainly quality care provided for the elderly and the reason for making the decision about entering this type of sanitary facilities/care-taking institution. All age groups are represented in residential care facilities, half of them receiving the care allowance. All respondents qualified the quality of service as good, and they were satisfied with a range of leisure activities. The research showed that residential care is not a threat to the quality of life of elderly people, but is offering them the conditions for fully spent time with no loss of their dignity. I infer a recommendation that any financial support to municipalities and counties for the establishment of residential housing for seniors is based on the research carried out and it is as well the right recommendations for future conception of housing in old age.
VYBRANÉ SOCIÁLNÍ DETERMINANTY ZDRAVÍ U RODIN S DĚTMI S POSTIŽENÍM
The article presents information on the social determinants of health that affect families with children with disabilities. Results are based on a study of the project: Social determinants of health in the selected target groups. The qualitative study using in-depth interview. File sub-research consisted of six complete families with a child with disabilities in the age range of 6-15 years. Families were selected by stratified purposive sampling. The aim of the qualitative study using in-depth interviews to identify the key social determinants of health for families caring for a child with a disability and their subsequent examination of quantitative research strategies within the project ZSF JU. Significant issues have proven to social support, stress and social status. Stress of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities is not affected by the sex of the child and is not dependent on the age of the mother. Social networkof families is made up of close family, friends, community and the professionals who assist them in the care of children with disabilities. Parents consider it very important need to share their difficulties, both at the institutional level and a personal level. Central to the care of their children consider quality social and health services, provided primarily to non-profit sector or sectors of church organizations. Based on the results of qualitative research on families with a child with disabilities, it is clear that the most important for respondents to maintain the social status of the permanence of at least one family member full-time and given the age of the child with disabilities and other children in the family and the opportunity to find part-time the second member of the family. Social and health services are those instruments from the perspective of the social determinants of health, thanks to which can effectively prevent the risk of social exclusion of families with children with disabilities
MOŽNOSTI STANDARDIZACE SOCIÁLNÍCH SLUŽEB V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
This paper at the theoretical level deals with approaches to standardization of social services in the Czech Republic in terms of quality and quantity. This paper, based on the theoretical starting points of standardization of social services, aims to provide an empirical view of the standardization of selected social care services in the Czech Republic. The empirical part of the paper is more dedicated to the application of standards in quantitative terms at the selected social care services in regions of the Czech Republic. Between the years 2007 and 2012 there was made analysis on the examples of social care services of the availability of residential, outpatient and terrain character in regions of the Czech Republic. Based on analysis the availability of social care services in regions of the Czech Republic was compared with recommended standards. By means of method of multidimensional scaling between the years 2007 and 2012 was carried out comparison of similarities or differences in regions of the Czech Republic according to the structure of availability by selected social care services. The results of the comparison of the Czech Republic regions showed that, the largest regions (Central Bohemian Region, Moravian - Silesian Region, South Moravian Region) and the smallest regions (Liberec Region and Karlovy Vary Region) are the least similar to their representation by selected social care services (residential, outpatient and terrain character). And the least similar regions according to the structure of the availability by selected social care services are Usti Region and the City of Prague.
VÝCHOVA K OBČANSTVÍ V NÍZKOPRAHOVÝCH KLUBECH PRO MLÁDEŽ
The aim of the paper is to present concept of British authors T. Jeffs and M. Smith that highlights the importance of citizenship education in youth clubs. The paper describes the theoretical basis of this concept, furthermore its specific conception of youth work, which is focused on citizenship education, which aims to strengthen social capital of civic communities. The scientific aim of this paper is to bring the findings of Smith and Jeffs on positive impact of informal methods and methods of social work with communities in the field of youth work. The paper describes some characteristics of Jeffs's and Smith's methods of community work and informal education methods, which are commonly used in the field of citizenship education in youth clubs. The strength of the social capital of the Czech society is weakening. In this situation Jeffs's and Smith's concept of citizenship education can be inspiring for Czech youth work.
KONCEPT KVALITY ŽIVOTA RODIN DĚTÍ RANÉHO VĚKU S OHROŽENÝM VÝVOJEM V DŮSLEDKU ZDRAVOTNÍHO POSTIŽENÍ
In the Czech Republic, there is a trend nowadays in supporting families caring for a child vulnerable due to disability. A network of services offering support to these families is growing. Causes of this fact can be found at three different levels, on the child and family side, but also at the support system. Concept of a life quality, and it´s various dimensions for this target group, have been neglected until recently. Present time, however, introduces significant changes in an approach to this issue and the concept of life quality in general is getting to the fore within the interagency scope and the social policy. In this particular case it presents a complex construct comprising many subunits. We can look at them from a variety of perspectives and operate with them in many different ways. This paper solves a view at this concept unusually at the background of the specific activities of Early Care Centre in Pardubice. For the paper processing qualitative research strategies have been used – description of organization´s material and quantitative survey (evaluation questionnaire for the year 2012). Particular aim of this paper is to describe activities of Early Care Centre in Pardubice which affect the concept of life quality of families with child (early age) vulnerable due to disability. Results analysis of the evaluation survey which is aimed to identify some of quality indicators of service provided in 2012 also at the Centre for Early Intervention in Pardubice and comparison with the material of the National Centre of social services transformation support - A system of services for children and young people with disabilities and their families (Bačáková, 2013). Results evaluate the life quality concept for families with children in early age with the endangered development due to disability from the position of the family, support and assistance provider and support and assistance evaluator. The conclusion summarizes the problem formulation, problem analysis and discussion.
INTEGRAČNÍ CÍLE SOCIÁLNÍCH PODNIKŮ – MOŽNOSTI SOCIÁLNÍ PRÁCE
There is a general expectation from social work to provide clients protection from social exclusion or to support them in their reintegration into society. In situation, when employment is considered to be a keystone of integration, social work gets into trouble, as social work is not able to create any job opportunities itself. The author in a paper argue about distinguished changes allied foremost to labour market changes, and their goal is to identify social work´s opportunities to deal with these risks, or to prevent them. Concept of integration and concept of social entrepreneurship (especially enterprises WISE) are topic of the text. Theoretical solvents are discussed with research results “Social Work in the social entrepreneurship area” funded by Student research Found by University of Ostrava. The research process in this area has two phases – qualitative and quantitative. The topic of this text is 1st phases, which research aim is to contribute to recognition of social entrepreneurship´s reality and put forward possibilities of social work application in the area of social entrepreneurship. In this research phase are realized semi-structured interviews with social entrepreneurship´s founders, eventually with social workers. The basic principle of the choosing social entrepreneurships is the principle of theoretical selection. The interviews are analysed by the method of grounded theory in this time. There are two types of social enterprises by ways of achieving integration objectives. For each type are identified means of the social work and are discussed its opportunities for further development of the relationship between social entrepreneurship and social work. For the integration goals of social work is promising, when founders/managers of social enterprises have background of social work. Such social enterprises and social entrepreneurs can be seen as change agents working towards the development of local communities.
DÔCHODKOVÉ ZABEZPEČENIE V SOCIÁLNOM SYSTÉME SPOLOČNOSTÍ
Special attention in all European countries is given to issues of social security of persons in retirement age. Pension systems represent the basic part of the social model of each country which reached a certain level of development. Thus pension systems have a great impact on living standards of large part of population and hence its consumption and have a large impact on functioning of the whole economy of a nation state. A serious problem at present is to achieve a balance between contributions to pension system and entitlements provided to citizens of retirement age, the ratio between the number of employed in the economy and the number of beneficiaries. Setting up and functioning of the pension system depends on many factors, besides demographic trends it is also the development of economy and state of public finances. Therefore, they are going through an ongoing process of reforms adapting economic, social and political situation in each particular country. The aim of this paper is to characterize the social security from the perspective of various approaches to this issue with an emphasis on pension provision as the most discussed and costliest part of the social insurance system and social security schemes of a society. It also pointed out the basic problems of the current pension scheme worldwide and approaches to its modernization.
KVALITA ŽIVOTA OSOB S DEMENCÍ V DOMÁCÍ A INSTITUCIONÁLNÍ PÉČI
The research deals with the quality of life of people having dementia who stay at home or in social institutions care. The objective of the research is to find out the current status of how people having dementia live, under which social and economic conditions they live, to find out the extent of their personal satisfaction with the conditions, and to compare the options, whether to stay at home or in social institutions. A combination of research methods was used in investigation: case reports, semi-structured interview, observation and a couple of standardised question-forms: (Q-LES-Q, MMSE, ADL, IADL, Geriatric Depression Scale, Hachinski Ischaemic Score). Eleven patients took part in this research. Five people who suffered from dementia lived in their own homes and six of them lived in social institutions. Output of the research was focused on the quality of life of people suffering from any type of dementia. The results of the assessment show that elderly people are afraid of leaving their homes to live in retirement homes or in similar institutions but that they usually adapt themselves very well to the new conditions there. At the end they are satisfied there because they often lived under unsuitable conditions at their homes or they did not want to trouble other family members. Sometimes patients live in really bad conditions at home, e.g. they have experienced some form of maltreatment and surprisingly they are still satisfied at home and they are afraid of leaving it. This implies that there is no difference between contented patients with dementia at home or in social institutions. What is important is the fact, what patients themselves expect from their life, what they prefer.
Palliative care has experienced great development in recent years. Professional societies are putting pressure on governments to palliative care has become one of the human rights. Needs of patient with physical, mental or intellectual disabilities or patients with several diseases are traditionaly overlooked in palliative care and their needs at the end-of-life are underestimated. In this paper we focus on this particular group of patients and point out that the concept of palliative care can be used in all patients, redardless of their condition or age.
ETIKA V SOUVISLOSTECH SOCIÁLNÍ A ZDRAVOTNÍ POLITIKY
Today modern society pays great attention to the development of ethical guidelines for each profession and their implementation in the form of codes of ethics to individual policies. In particular, the Ministry of Health and Welfare is faced in meeting the ethical codes of the current economic and political developments in society. Optimization of standards for health and social care that are implemented through normative no systematic evaluation of the impact on each target group significantly reduces their quality of life. The paper draws attention to the dilemmas of social work and health care in relation to ethics.
KVALITATIVNÍ VÝZKUM O PROCESU ZPROSTŘEDKOVÁNÍ NÁHRADNÍ RODINNÉ PÉČE: POŽADAVKY KLADENÉ NA NÁHRADNÍ RODIČE
Substitute Family Care is an institute for children when their parents, for whatever reason, are unable to care for the children themselves. This paper is concerned with substitute family care in the Czech Republic. The paper is specifically aimed at the process of mediating of the substitute family care. A social worker, in the process of mediating of the substitute family care, has a key role, nevertheless, the social worker co-operatives with other people involved, such as psychologists and medical examiners. People involved are abided by the law, different methodologies and recommendations, but even so they are highly benevolent when assessing claimant for substitute family care. The research problem is described in the introduction. The term of substitute family care is explained and the process of mediating of the substitute family care is described there. The issues of who else is interested in this process and what requirements are imposed on a claimant for substitute family care, are also described and explained in this chapter. Research methodology is described subsequently. The aim of the research is to describe how people involved in the process of mediating of the alternative family care perceive and interpret the requests asked of the claimant. The main and sub research questions are based on the aim of the research. Qualitative research strategy is applied and field research, as a type of research, is selected by Miovský. In the last part of the paper the interesting findings from the carried out research are interpreted and discussed. The very process of mediating of the substitute family care in the Moravian-Silesian Region is described. The attitude of the people involved towards the requirements imposed on substitute parents is also described. Sub-questions are answered in the end.
VYUŽITÍ VYBRANÝCH TERAPIÍ V DĚTSKÝCH DOMOVECH PRO DĚTI DO 3 LET VĚKU
The report is focused on children´s homes for children with serious health and social problems. There are 33 these organisations in the Czech Republic. It is well known, that children living in these institutions from neonatal age, suffer lack of incentives. This fact has great influence to personality development. Therapies could help them to obtain more social contacts and experience with another environment. Scientific aim was to find out, if these institutions use special therapy to support children´s psychomotor development. The questionnaire was used for the research. The main result was found out if children´s homes use therapies.
PROBLEMATIKA PÉČE O PACIENTY SE SYNDROMEM DEMENCE
This article aims to acquaint the reader with the characteristics and problems of care for patients with dementia and options selected inpatient care for these patients in the Pardubice region. The theoretical part provides an overview of the issue of care for patients with dementia or dementia. The empirical part focuses on the description of selected characteristics of clients in the health-care facility, which is an example of good practice care for the elderly. In these age group is the greatest prevalence of dementia and syndrom of dementia as diagnosed disease. The discussion paper presents a reflection on the possible reasons for placing these clients in various types of inpatient facilities after discharge from aftercare and the circumstances of care for these clients.
SOCIÁLNE SÚVISLOSTI GLOBALIZÁCIE: GLOBALIZÁCIA AKO POSTMODERNÁ AMBIVALENCIA
The introduction states when people can cope with global challenges and how they must change their attitude and behavior. This article analyzes the history of globalization, namely what signs of globalization can we see in the writings of philosophers. The second chapter deals with the concept of trust, which in fact has become one of the central challenges of our time and definitely not by coincidence. Causes of interest in this topic are likely to be included in the following phenomena that characterize much of our times, even more than the previous epoch. In the next chapter we can see that if postmodern thinking in many ways do not reflect the real state of affairs and the actual state of mind of late-modern, globalized man. Part of the article deals with ambivalence, which means the ability of the human intellect (available emotional or attitudinal orientation) attribute to the same phenomenon (the fact, the process) both positive and negative, positive or negative review. In conclusion, the article evaluates and generalizes the consequences of globalization.
ÚSTAVNÍ PÉČE V ČR: PŘEDPOKLAD NEBO PŘEKÁŽKA ÚSPĚŠNÉ INTEGRACE MLADÝCH LIDÍ DO SPOLEČNOSTI?
Main purpose of this article is to find out how is situation of young people leaving residential care institutions and trying to integrate to a usual life after reaching adultery. Using personal interviews with the young people (present clients of residential care, former clients, employees of the caring institutions) we try to answer questions how these young people are prepared for a normal life in a society and what are main barriers they have to overcome in order to start a new life without institutional help. Our findings confirm that present system of social services is not effective enough in an effort to help the young people with their integration. We conclude that transformation of the Czech residential care of children from pathological families is inevitable in order to overcome such obstacles as missing emotional help from their biological families and friends, low level of economic independency resulting from low qualification and problems to find a job and an accommodation.
NÁVRAT DĚTÍ Z ÚSTAVNÍ PÉČE DO RODINY V KONTEXTU SOUČASNÝCH ZMĚN V SYSTÉMU PÉČE O OHROŽENÉ DĚTI
The purpose of the article discusses reunification of children from institutional care to their birth families within the context of actual transformation of child protection system. Reunification is the process of reintegration of vulnerable child placed „out of home“ to his or her family, if it is the best interest of the child. Reunification of children placed in institutions should be a primary goal of the system because of a preference for the role of parents in the law, especially in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The article is based on the analysis of documents of international organizations dealing with the protection of children's rights, international studies and program policy documents. The topic of reunification can be viewed from different perspectives, such as law and its influence on social policy and the practices of social work, the part of deinstitutionalization process or the decision making process. The main question is about interest of parents to care for their child. Social workers have to know characteristic of the family and the child. Then the reunification can start effectively. The family, child, specialists from institutions and social workers should participate on the process in more detail. In the conclusion of the paper the author tries to show principles and central values on which the successful process of reunification should be focused. She highlightes holistic view and complex assessment of family and safe family environment, the principle of partnership with family, the working with individual plan for child, the support of new family services, the performing sufficient preparation of the child, the family and the social environment before reuenification, intensive social services for family after returning home and finally the need for research on the process of reunification from the perspective of the child, parents and the professionals.